When the Pope meets the President

Photopost: Popes meeting U.S. Presidents - an illustrated history lesson from the American Papist.

John Allen Jr. - "Papal Travel Trivial Pursuit"

John Allen Jr. offers a wealth of historical information in his posting of Trivial Pursuit about Papal Travel in America (NCRcafe.org March 29, 2008). Did you know that Benedict XVI will become the third pope to visit the United States, but he will actually be the fourth to set foot on American territory?

... In 1849, Pope Pius IX was received aboard the USS Constitution, which happened to be anchored in Gaeta, Italy, where the pope had taken refuge after a popular uprising chased him out of Rome. Allowing the pope to come aboard was a diplomatic gaffe, since the United States was officially neutral in the struggle over the Papal States between Pius IX and Italian nationalists. Nevertheless, the captain of the Constitution, John Gwinn, invited the pontiff aboard when he arrived with King Ferdinand of Sicily for a tour.

Pius IX distributed rosaries to the Catholic sailors and gave blessings. He became seasick and took a brief rest in the captain’s chambers, then disembarked to a 21-cannon salute. Gwinn was later threatened with court-martial for the breach of protocol, but died before a trial could be held. (I owe this nugget to the book The United States and the Holy See: The Long Road, by former U.S. Ambassador to the Holy See James Nicholson.)

Find out more.

Celebrating the Bicentennial

April 8, 2008 marks a very special year for the Catholic Church in America, as the Dioceses of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Bardstown, KY celebrate their bicentennial.

The ecclesial terrorities of Boston, New York and Philadelphia were initially part of what was called the "Apostolic Prefecture of the United States", established on November 26, 1784.

The apostolic prefecture was elevated to become the Diocese of Baltimore on November 6, 1789, and later promoted to an archdiocese on April 8, 1808 by Pope Pius VII -- at which time the dioceses of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Bardstown were established.

Bardstown, KY was the first see in inland America, covering all the land from the Great Lakes to the Deep South and from the Allegheny Mountains to the Mississippi River. The see was transferred to Louisville in 1841.

As the Catholic population grew in the United States, smaller dioceses were later carved out:

• The diocese of Boston originally consisted of the states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.
• The Diocese of New York covered all of the state of New York, as well as the New Jersey counties of Sussex, Bergen, Morris, Essex, Somerset, Middlesex, and Monmouth.
• The diocese of Philadelphia included all of Pennsylvania, Delaware, and 7 counties of New Jersey.
• From Bardstown, KY came more than forty new dioceses, including Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Chicago, and Detroit.

When we consider the hardships and sacrifices Catholics had to face in those years we can only look back with wonder and gratitude at how far we have come. In a December 2007 homily, Cardinal Sean O'Malley of Boston describes the challenges that faced those at the founding of the Catholic Church in America:

In the good ol’ days, here in Boston, there were laws that were very anti-Catholic. Priests were not allowed into this colony. If a priest were to be found, he was to be banished. If he returned, he would be executed. And each year, as people sang, “Remember, remember, the 5th of November,” the pope was burned in effigy on the Boston Common. I am sure that those early residents of the Bay State would be horrified if they had known that Pope John Paul II would one day come to the Boston Common and celebrate the Eucharist there for about 400,000 people.

Yes, 200 years ago, it was not easy to be a Catholic in America. The Jesuit order had been dissolved because of political pressures. The former Jesuit, Father John Carroll was appointed the first bishop of Baltimore in 1787 by Pope Pius VI. The pope was a prisoner of Napoleon at the time and died in captivity. The conclave to elect his successor was held at a Benedictine Monastery in Venice, since the cardinals were not safe in Rome. On March 21, 1800, Pius VII was elected pope. Pius VII was the pope who established the dioceses of Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Barnestown in 1808. That same year, Napoleon conquered the Papal States and kidnapped the pope, who was prisoner for six years. In those days, the entire Catholic population of the diocese [of Boston] would not have filled this church. There were about 1,000 Catholics and two priests. ...

Following are some resources that may be of interest to Catholic history buffs, as we anticipate Pope Benedict's papal visit to the United States, during which time he will recognize and celebrate the bicentennial of the Catholic Church in America.

	Baltimore, MD History of the Archdiocese of Baltimore Timeline of important historical moments in the history of the Archdiocese of Baltimore. Famous men and women in the history of the Archdiocese of Baltimore
	Boston Boston200.org - The Archdiocese of Boston's Bicentennial website. "Moments in Time" and Archdiocesian Timeline. Wikipedia: Archdiocese of Boston
	New York A series of columns on the history of the Archdioces of New York by Edward Cardinal Egan. Bicentennial People - remembering the people "who supported, built, nurtured and had the innovation to make the Archdiocese of New York." Document establishing the Archdiocese of New York issued by Pope Pius VII in 1808. Bicentennial Timeline of the Archdiocese of New York
	Philadelphia Archdiocese of Philadelphia Celebrates 200 years A Brief History of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia Wikipedia: Archdiocese of Philadelphia
	Bardstown, KY Archdiocese of Louisville Bicentennial Page - including bicentennial prayer and educational materials. Timeline of the Archdiocese of Louisville The Bishops of Louisville 1808-Present. Wikipedia: Diocese of Bardstown, KY